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We
define a reuse water filtration system simply as a filtration
system that continuously
filters the same water using all critical modes of filtering
needed to sustain a healthy aquatic environment. Many things
can alter water quality; however, most critical to environmental
parameters are the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, ammonia-nitrogen,
nitrite nitrogen
and carbon dioxide in the water. Nitrate, pH and alkalinity
levels are also important to your water's quality.
Re-circulating filtration systems always combine various modes
of filtering, each accomplishing its own unique task. |
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Achieving and Maintaining a
Healthy Aquatic Environment |
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Are
you a zookeeper or a koi hobbyist? Regardless of whether you
are caring for a pair of river otters or a pool of colorful
koi, water quality concerns you. It not only affects the esthetics
of your pool, but also the health of your system's inhabitants.
Accumulation of nitrogen is one of the most critical problems
of a re-circulating "water re-use" system. Nitrogen
in the system, commonly referred to as Total Ammonia-Nitrogen
(TAN), is a by-product of protein metabolism. TAN is excreted
from the gills of fish as they digest food and is produced when
bacteria decomposes organic waste solids within the system.
When the water in a system has a pH of about 7.0, the system
is stable and the majority of TAN is ionized and does not adversely
affect the system. But when a system has a pH of about 9.0,
up to 30 percent of TAN may not be ionized and levels of ammonia-nitrogen
can become extremely toxic to fish.
Nitrite-nitrogen results from the oxidation of ammonia-nitrogen.
When nitrifying bacteria (nitrosomonas) consume ammonia-nitrogen
for energy, they produce nitrite-nitrogen as a by-product. Nitrite-nitrogen
then binds with hemoglobin to form methemoglobin, which is not
capable of binding and transporting oxygen. This ultimately
suffocates the fish. In most cases re-circulating systems with
mature nitrifying bacteria colonies should maintain nitrite-nitrogen
concentrations below 1 mg/l. Fortunately, nitrobacter bacteria,
also present within the system, use nitrite-nitrogen for energy
and produce a much less harmful nitrate-nitrogen by-product.
Nitrifying bacteria are the foundation of biological filtration
and safely grow on all surfaces of the aquatic environment,
including substrate, plumbing and the walls of the tank.
Carbon dioxide can also accumulate in re-circulating systems
as a by-product of fish and bacteria respiration. A well-designed
re-circulating system should maintain adequate dissolved oxygen
levels while minimizing carbon dioxide concentrations. "De-gassing"
is a term, most commonly used within the aquaculture industry,
to best describe stripping carbon dioxide from water. De-gassing
is a simple procedure that involves aerating water that is low
in oxygen, removing carbon dioxide, and at the same time, increasing
dissolved oxygen levels. Packed media columns, venturi air injectors
or moving-bed bio filters can accomplish the same results.
When selecting a life support system, it is best to establish
which filtering method best suits your application's style,
size and most importantly, the needs of its inhabitants. |
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UV Sterilizer and Filtration Products for Koi Ponds & Water Gardens:
SMART UV Lite Sterilizer | SMART UV Sterilizer | SMART HO UV Sterilizer | SMART HO ML UV Sterilizer | Retro-Fit UVs | Tadpole UV | Tadpole Pre-Filters | HydroMAX | BioPRO Filters | IGF Bag & Bio Filters | HydraScape Filtration | HydraPAK Filtration | UV Replacement Parts | Media Bags & Filter Felt | Pond UV Sterilizer Installation Guide
UV Sterilizer and Filtration Products for Fresh & Saltwater Aquariums:
SMART UV Lite Aquarium Sterilizer | SMART UV Aquarium Sterilizer | SMART HO UV Aquarium Sterilizer | Aquarium UV Sterilizer Replacement Parts | Media Bags & Filter Felt | Aquarium UV Installation Guide
Commercial Aquatic Life Support Equipment:
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